大吨位异形钢桥塔施工支架设计研究

为研究不同支架方案对异形钢桥塔施工过程的影响,以新首钢大桥为背景工程做了对比分析,进而分析桥塔施工过程对桥塔-支架整体耦合模型内力、位形的影响,研究支架设计过程中的一些细部问题.结果表明:格构式支架受力明确、合理,施工方便且用钢量小,建议采用该支架方案;桥塔采用反变形的施工方案,可以很好地满足桥梁结构设计线形要求;在格构式支架设计中应避免多个斜撑相贯于立柱同一节点造成支架立柱受力不均匀、部分立柱受力急剧增大的问题;在有限元模拟中支架顶部与高塔连接建议采用铰接方式进行简化处理..     

Vegetation cover at right of way locations

This research evaluated the status of vegetation cover at right of way locations. Site factors that contributed to low and high ground cover along roadsides and medians were identified. Twenty-nine roadside and median study sites incorporated variability in soil type, elevation, vegetation establishment and cover, seed mixture, slope, aspect, time since planting, and climate. Vegetation cover was measured, and species distribution was identified. Slopes, aspects of the sloping face, and elevations were recorded. Soil samples were tested for nutrients, minerals, texture, and pH. Approximately 50% of the test sites met the 70% cover criteria. Locations of the worst cover (<50%) had soils with high soluble salt content (0.36–1.54 mmhos/cm) or low organic matter values (<1.7%). Vegetation cover was dominated by tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.), two species that were included in the current seeding mixture and are considered invasive. To further promote revegetation success and persistence, both maintenance and site specific seed mixtures are needed.     

振冲法加固砂土地基工艺选择及施工参数控制

根据砂土的黏粒含量,振冲法可采用不加填料的振冲密实法或有填料的振冲置换法,选择合适的振冲施工工艺和确定合理的工艺参数,与地基加固效果和地基处理的工程投资密切相关。在振冲器的振动荷载作用下,由于饱和砂土的液化产生振密作用,根据孔隙水压力的增长模型,推导了饱和砂土的临界液化时间,并分析留振时间的影响因素。结合两个工程实例,探讨了振冲密实法和振冲置换法两种工艺的适应性及加固效果。根据砂土的类型和黏粒含量,将砂土地基分为3类,不同的砂土地基采用合适的振冲工艺,并得出施工参数的合理区间。     

新扩建以色列阿什杜德港(ASHDOD)施工关键技术

新扩建的以色列阿什杜德港项目位于地中海开敞海域,受中长周期波浪影响严重,且地质条件复杂,项目主体结构形式多样、施工难度大。通过波浪预报和地质条件分析,提出了多项创新施工技术,克服了开敞海域中长周期波浪对施工的影响,并成功引入到外海碎石桩、深水防波堤、码头桩基等关键分项工程施工中,相关施工经验可供类似项目借鉴。     

复杂地质和环境条件下水闸围堰工程设计技术

在河流中建设水闸、船闸,其围堰工程是保证主体工程安全干施工的重要前提和保障。结合某水闸工程设计,针对围堰设计遇到的地质和环境条件复杂、施工场地狭窄、施工期不断流等难题,开展围堰总体布置、纵横向围堰结构设计、支护围堰结构设计、围堰止水墙设计等一系列关键技术问题研究。采用研究成果设计的方案不仅可以减少围堰工程量、节约工期,而且能确保项目顺利安全实施。     

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高速铁路为人们提供了一种高效的运输方式.本文借鉴弹性系数法的相关理论,首先运用广义费用函数测算样本中高铁开通前后两地区综合客运成本的变化,结合两地区高铁开通前后客运量的变化得到了运输成本弹性系数,用于衡量两地区对于高铁开通的迫切性程度,从而在另一个层面衡量高铁建设的可行性.然后根据运输经济学及新经济地理学的相关理论,从人口、距离、人均GDP差异、平均人均GDP和产业结构相似度5个维度对样本的运输成本弹性系数进行建模,运用神经网络的方法来拟合其对运输成本弹性系数的影响情况,并以此为依据来测算北京市和张家口市对即将开通的京张高铁的迫切性程度.     

Greenhouse gas emissions from road construction: An assessment of alternative staging approaches

The greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with road construction activities are analyzed. The main focus of this analysis is on the vehicle emissions associated with alternative project staging approaches, specifically a full closure of the road during construction, versus an intermittent road closure. The analysis includes the direct and upstream emissions associated with materials, construction equipment, mobilization of resources to the work site, and maintenance activity associated with the project over its lifetime. The analysis is based on one case study of a road project in New Jersey. The assumptions underlying the staging analysis are based on hypothetical approaches. Results provide an assessment of the main sources of project related emissions and the ability to minimize total project emissions by minimizing traffic disruption. In the analysis with a full closure of the road, traffic disruption accounts for 26% of total emissions, while with an intermittent road closure, traffic disruption accounts for only 2% of total emissions. The other main sources are from materials and life-cycle maintenance. The analysis demonstrates the feasibility of minimizing project related GHG emissions during road construction activities.     

铁路货物追踪系统的构建

铁路货物运输组织是铁路工作的一个核心内容,铁路货物追踪系统的设计与实现能够为货主提供更好、更快的服务,同时加快和保障铁路货运工作的组织。通过对铁路整车货物运输的流程分析,制定货物追踪系统的目标,分析系统功能。通过数据的采集和信息共享平台的建立,提出货物追踪系统的实现途径。     

论桥涵构造物施工质量控制

桥涵设计者的设计意图能否真正得以实现往往取决于施工技术,有时会因为施工技术的限制而直接影响桥涵建设的发展。因此,高水平的桥涵设计必须要有高水平的桥涵施工技术来支持,桥涵建设事业的发展依赖于桥涵施工技术的发展。     

桥梁建设施工平台及栈桥验算分析

以某大跨径桥梁的施工栈桥平台计算为例,介绍栈桥平台计算荷载、钢管桩基础验算、施工栈桥强度及稳定性验算。经实践证明,栈桥平台设计满足实用性及相关规范要求。